A Proposed Technique for Reliable and Energy Efficient Hierarchical Routing in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network may consist of hundreds or up to thousands of sensor nodes and can be spread out as a mass or placed out one by one. The sensor nodes collaborate with each other over a wireless media to establish a sensing network, i.e. a wireless sensor network. Energy efficiency is one of the most important design constraints in wireless sensor network architectures. The lifetime of each sensor nodes depends on its energy dissipation. In applications where the sensor nodes are totally dependent on no rechargeable batteries, sensor nodes with exhausted batteries will cease operation. Therefore, to extend the lifetime of network, hierarchical routing is used. In hierarchical routing architecture, sensor nodes self-configure themselves for the formation of cluster heads. Hierarchical routing can be centralized or noncentralized. In non centralized hierarchical routing, the sensor nodes self configures for the cluster head on the basis of selecting a random number. They don’t consider the case of residual energy. But in centralized routing the base station is responsible to create cluster. In this paper, we have proposed a routing strategy which will consider the case of residual energy before making cluster head, so that it will be reliable and energy efficient.